The viability of outercourse for HIV prevention within the Puerto Rican context.

BACKGROUND As the number of HIV/AIDS cases continues to increase in Puerto Rico, outercourse, or non-penetrative sexual activities, may be one alternative for healthy sexual living for persons living with or at risk for HIV/AIDS. METHODS Between April and August 2006, we surveyed 1138 women living in low-income housing in Ponce, PR on their attitudes toward and participation in outercourse activities. RESULTS The majority of the sample were aged >25 years (80.2%), with a mean sample age of 36.77 (SD = 12.31). Approximately one half (49.8%) of the women in the sample were legally married or involved in a common-law relationship. Mutual masturbation and the use of sex toys were viewed as "real sex" by only 33% and 16%, respectively, of the women surveyed. A slight majority had at least a high school education (57.5%). Of those with a steady sex partner in the previous 12 months, 47% engaged in mutual masturbation, and 17% used sex toys. Of those with a non-steady sex partner in the previous 12 months, 41% engaged in mutual masturbation, and 14% used sex toys. Logistic regressions indicated that persons who perceived mutual masturbation and the use of sex toys as real sex were more likely than those who did not perceive them to be so to engage in either or both behaviors with their most recent steady sex partner (OR = 4.5, CI =3.3-6.2 and OR=18.11, CI = 11.5-28.6, respectively); the same relationship emerged with their most recent non-steady sex partner (OR = 4.0, CI = 1.9-8.3 and OR = 15.9, CI = 5.3-47.4). CONCLUSIONS The levels of participation in outercourse were low across the sample; also low was the perception of outercourse as being real sex. Outercourse appears to be, primarily, a precursor to penetrative sex, especially with steady sex partners. If culturally sensitive prevention messages were to promote outercourse as real sex and as an ultimate sexual goal, couples might be able to maintain an intimate, yet safe, sexual relationship. Outercourse should not be promoted as the only option for safer sex relationships but instead in the context of a comprehensive prevention message, which would also include protected sexual intercourse for those who choose to engage in penetrative activities.